Light flare



l.. D. JACKSON LIGHT FLARE Sept. 28, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 9, 1944 Siwa/Wto@ L o Sept. 28, 1954 L. D. JACKSON LIGHT FLARE Filed Dec. 9, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sky.

l.. Jachsn Patented Sept. 28, 1954 fitto stares tsss arent olf-FICE (Gzanted'und'er' Title 35, U. SL Gode' (1952i),

sec. 266) 12, Claims.

The presentinvention' relates to" a light fiere' of the type suit'ablepforuse during niglrt operations for silhouetting enemy targets such for example' as batt-lesiiips, airplane carriers, transports. or: any other surface craft.

The principal object. of` the invention is. the: provision.. ofl` a. new and improvedL lightl flare. adapted. to.- be. launohed from.. a motorv torpedo'. locati or similar surface craft. and which Will` float. upon. the. surface. of. a. body ci Water and'. give sufficient. light; to. enable observers. or. gunners. tosee. andiireupon enemy, shipseor other targets7 before the. launching. oraft is detectedA by the. enemy;g

Another object.. of" theinvention is the proyis-ion: of a new' and. improved4 lightlflare adapted'. to.iioat upon the surfaceofa body ofJWater. andi having. a. time delay, unitarrangem thereinwhere by sufiicient` time. will ela-psc. before. ignition. ofi

the pyrotechnic. flare material. to allow. the tor.- pedoboat to.be well. outlof. rangeoffenemy guni fir-e before. the. flarematerial. is. ignited..

Another objectA is, to provide a new, and im-A provedA light flare. adaptedA to. bensed. as: an.: emer.- gency. night landing.; flare for aircraft-and, if so.. desired, may also: be used. forilluminating, an area. sui'ciently. to.. enable. rescue. workers. to.. see. to perform their duties after a plane. crash or shipwreclratvseai.

A furtherI object of the. invention. isthe, pro-- Vision of. a lightflare. having. new and'infiproyedY means for preventing. moisture from contacting the time` delayl unit. during, transportationA andstorage cft'he flare in.which-.spa-ritscreatedl by a flashout during. burning of thetimedelayfusel are prevented. from-i contacting; the: pyrotechnio. material and. causing; premature.- ring.; thereof.

A. still. iur-therobject: is! to provide; anew. andimproved light-flare which isieconomicafl to manuw facture, reliable.V in operation andi whiclr posses-ses the qualities of durability'during1 handling andtransportation'.

Still. other objects-,. novelfeatures, andJ advantagesof theinventioniwill:becomefapparentfrom; theV followingV description. taken iny connect-ion' with.- the accompanying; drawingsg, wherein:

Fig. 1. is a view partlyin eleyationzandrnantly in` section of aoatiiare: constructedin accordance with a: preferred embodiment.oft the presentinvention;

Fig. 2. is-an. enlarged toplplamviewv4 of the iloat lightofligl;

Fig. 3. is an enlarged' sectional View taken on. the line -oflii'g, 1.; and` Fig. i is an enlarged' fragmentary sectional' viewl of the uppenportion'ofthefloatlight showing the i firing mechanism" including the timel de'- lay'unit andiassociat'e parts thereof i Referring toth'e'd'rawings wherein' similar ref.- erence characters are# employed to; designate like parts throughout the several; views', the iloat; flaresh'ownK thereon isgenerally indica-tedi by the numeral l0,4 and comprises anelongatedl` cylindrical buoyant body H5 composed: of4 wood or of any'other'mat'erial suitable for the purpose and' therethrough' and" arranged' within the bore is a.

pyrotechnic unit generally. indicated: by the, reference character' |35 The pyrotechnic unit com.- prises` a, plurality. of tubes. or containers i4.. l5, and it., each ofwliich isprovidedwith a quantity of: pyrotechnic. material; therein as indicatedby, the reference.. characterL IT and'. consisting ofin.- gredients Well" known in the art and uniformly. mixed thereby to insure positive ignition anduniform. burning thereof;v The intermediate conf tainer i5' is provided with. threadedi endA portions S8' and |.9 respectively adaptedl to havethreaded engagement with the threaded portions, 2|. and 22of the containers- 1.4L' and It whereby. the containers. may readily assembled to. provide: a continuous. pyrotechnic. candle.. it being. understood, however, thatthe pyrotechniema'terial. is pressedY into each of the containersbeforeassembly, thereof.` Discs. 2.3 and- 24 composed. of. felt, silk` or of any. other materialI suitable. for. the purpose.. are. disposed; between. the pyrotechnic charges.within. thecorrtainers |l l5. and. lr6. respectively thereby preventing frictional. contact of' the charges as the. containersA are. screwedv together. during. assembly. thereof., whereby premature firing ofl the pyrotechnio charges are.- prevented.

Before inserting. the. pyrotechnic; unit |3i into sealedwithin the bore |.2` by the cement 2-5` in such a. manner. as.to. prevent. moisture from con-v tacting 'the pyfroteohnic charges. within. the pyro.- technic containers. A metallic nose cap;l Z-Eicon.-` taining., a weight.. ZJ issecuredto. the. lower; end ofthe body ID in any suitable manner, preferably by nails or the like, indicated by the reference character 2t. A fuse and pressure housing composed of any material suitable for the purpose and generally indicated by the reference character and comprising an annular portion Si which includes a conical portion 32 is adapted to extend above the body il. The annular portion 35 of the fuse housing is secured within a recess 33 provided in the upper end of the body il in any suitable manner, preferably as by wood screws or the like, indicated by the reference character Se. A coating of Pettman cement 35 is applied to the annular portion 3i of the fuse housing and also to the wall of the recess 3S thereby providing a moistureproof joint therebetween.

The upper end of the housing is provided with an opening 36 adapted to be closed by a transparent disc 3l held in position by a retaining ring 3d. Screws 33 are adapted to pass through registering openings in the retaining ring and transparent disc and are adapted to have threaded engagement with the threaded openings il provided in a ange i2 carried by the housing 2t thereby clamping the disc 3l between the ange and the retaining ring 38. The retaining ring 3E includes a flange d3 adapted to engage a portion of the housing 29 to which a coating of cement iii of the type heretofore described has been applied. The housing 2S is thus hermetically sealed, thereby not only excluding moisture therefrom but also providing a heat and pressure chamber therein. A firing unit generally indicated by the reference character 55 which is similar to the conventional ring unit employed with hand grenades is mounted in the transparent disc 3l and includes a body portion d6, a pivotally mounted striker lll arranged within the body, a firing spring 4B, a lever 49 for holding the striker in cocked position, a safety pin for retaining the lever in place on the ring unit and the usual primer 5l mounted within the body lili.

The firing unit i5 is secured to the transparent disc 3l in any suitable manner, preferably by a lock nut 52 adapted to have threaded engagement with a threaded nipple 53 integrally connected to the body portion t6 of the firing unit. The nipple 53 extends through an opening 5d provided in the disc 3l and into the fuse housing 29. 'f

A gasket is disposed between the disc 3l and the body portion il@ and, as the lock nut 52 is tightened upon the threaded nipple 53, the nut will engage the disc 3l thereby compressing the gasket between the housing 29 and the disc and providing a moistureproof joint therebetween. A reduced tubular member 56 is integrally connected to the nipple 53 and a brass tube 5l is pressed into a bore 58 provided therein, thereby forming a support for the tube within the fuse housing 29. The brass tube 5l! extends below the end of the tubular member 56 and is adapted to receive and support a portion of a time delay or slow burning fuse 59 therein. One end of the time delay fuse 59 is held within the tube 5l? in predetermined spaced relation with respect to the primer 5l in any suitable manner as by crimping the tube at two or more points along the length thereof as indicated by the reference character 6E. A length of quickmatch 62 is embedded in the end of the fuse 59 subjacent the primer thereby providing means for igniting the time fuse after the lever 49 has been released by the operator.

The other end of the time delay fuse extends into a sack or pouch 63 which contains a quantity of starter mixture of any well known type, the sack being composed of any material suitable for the purpose such, for example, as silk and is held in position upon the fuse by a length of cotton cord Gil twined about the sack 63 and having the free ends thereof securely tied together. There is also provided a combustible moistureproof container or capsule generally indicated by the reference character @t composed of any material suitable for the purpose and comprising a cylindrical member @l having an opening 68 provided therein for the passage of one end of the time delay fuse 59 therethrough so that the sack 63 may be secured thereto and arranged within the combustible moistureproof container 6G. Caps 69 and 7| seal the ends of the cylindrical member 5l, thereby hermetically sealing the sack tt Within the combustible moistureproof container 66. The intermediate portion of the time delay fuse 59 is coiled as indicated by the reference character l2, the outer convolution of each coil thereof frictionally engages the inner surface of the housing 29 thereby holding the fuse and the combustible container 65 in a relative fixed position within the housing 29, the fuse being additionally cemented to the cylindrical member @l as at lli. The combustible housing B6 is adapted to rest on a first fire composition i3 arranged upon the pyrotechnic candle, thereby providing means for igniting the pyrotechnic candle after the operator has released the lever lid. The spring tensioned striker il is thus allowed to impinge the primer 5l with sufficient force to cause firing thereof which produces a burst of flame therefrom. rlhe flame ignites the quick match embedded in the end of the time fuse 59 thereby causing ignition of the time fuse and allowing a predetermined period of time to elapse before the starter mixture is ignited thereby. Upon ignition of the starter mixture sufficient heat and nre are produced to cause disintegration of the sack (i3 and the combustible container 66 thereby allowing hot slag produced by the burning of the starter mixture to come into contact with the first fire composition i3 to cause ignition thereof and, in turn, igniting the pyrotechnic candle contained within the pyrotechnic unit I3.

A silk tubing 'M encloses the time delay fuse t9 whereby sparks caused by a flashout, which sometimes occurs during burning of the fuse, are prevented from coming into contact with the pyrotechnic candle and causing premature nring of the pyrotechnic material. One end of the silk tubing 'E4 is adapted to be slipped over the tubular member 5t and is held thereon in any suitable manner, preferably by a length of cord twined thereabout, as indicated by the reference character l5, the free ends thereof being securely tied together. The transparent disc el is provided with a plurality of openings 'it adapted to be sealed by a sealing compound 'il suitable for the purpose such, for example, as beeswax or any other like substance, thereby preventing moisture from seeping therethrough and causing deterioration of the pyrotechnic materials during transporation and storage. It is understood, however, that the sealing compound ll is quite strong at ordinary temperatures but softens when subjected to heat.

As the time delay fuse burns, heat and gas will be produced therefrom and when a sufficient amount of heat is generated within the housing 29, the sealing compound will melt, thereby unases-,eea

sealing@ the;` openings 'mi andiallowing.: a .predetene mined; amount. of: gas, totescape: therethrough;v there'by."nelieving'thea'pnessunsrWithinthefhonsingfv 2:99., The transparent: dise` 375 provided With'.` ai circumferential wealtenedzpontion 'ldandas the? gases accumulatavvithinethefhousingzicause'dfby thefgnition: off theachargesoffthe. inse.` wandyor thefrstire eornpositiom T3, .thmweakenediportom ofthe disc willigivezvvayiWhemexcess:pressure:has` been.' exertedthereon idueeto theA expansion .ofi thei gases Within. the housing2 9:, Wherebyftna portioni of". therdisofenclosedi lo'yi therweakenedi portion. of the,r disc: and the; ringiunit. carried thereby will? be*y forcibly removed from: the: discall, thus,r proz vidingr an; unobstructeds. passagef for: the;y darne: caused by:the-burningipuroteohnic Acandle:

While?. the light: fir/ire. is particularly; adaptedi flor, launehingfronr. av motor: tonpedo boat, it isf to be :understood zthaty, if'isoi desired; the Yilare 1 can be'launched fromtanaircrattinflight by-employe ing al. parachute: attached? thereto. to preventy the,y iire from striking@thewatenwitht sufficient force to: cause` damage.'y thereto;

It will be understood: thai'f the foregoing de@-v scriptions andi. accompanying drawings-- comprehendc only ther generali embodiment-or"l the inven'` tion: and? that: various changes; in.' construction; proportion` and arrangement; of.r the rparts may. ce made. Within thefsoope ofi thei appendedr claims withoutA sacricing any. ofi thee advantages ofthe invention.

The: invention hereinV described andiclaimedmay.' be manufactured?. andi used-.f bylor for the Gfovernmentvof the United-States ofb America for governmental.` purposes?vvithoutipayment of any royalties thereon or therefor:

What. is claimed.' as newf andi desiredto beA secured bylietters-P atentyof the=UnitedeStates is t 1; Azlight:emitting:device-adaptedftooat uponf thefsurface ofr afbodyof. waterand comprisingj anelongated` buoyant bodyf having A af bore: extending; therethrough, at pyrot'eohnie: candle: arrangedf within saidv bore,- af. housing rsf-:curedr to`l said: buoy'- antfbodyg. a* closure fon sealingrsaid housing her" meticallyl to 1 forno a-jheatz and pressure chamber; firingT means-supportedbyl saidclosure, saidringmeans; including? means:l fon ignitingsaid pyro:-r technic candle;meansffonrngqsaidrring means,` a pluralityfcfsealedipressurefreliet means irl-said closurey and inacommunioationfwith: thelieat and. pressure chamben, saidipressurefrelief meansbeing adapted to be unsealed by the.heati-andL-pres` sure generated: by said? candle igniting: means, and means inl said closure and` adapted to` be ruptured" bythe pressure generated` by the ignition of said pyroteehnie candle'vvhereby a portionof the-closure--and the firingr means lsupportedthereby arexforcibly-removedfrom saidhousing,

2. AL light emitting device-adapted tofloat upon the-surface of a body of. Water and comprising'an elongatedv buoyant tbody' having a` bore. extending therethrough; ay pyroteehnic candle'V arranged Within-saidV bore; a` housngfseeuredto said buoy.- ant bodyadisefor sealingsaidhousing hermetically to forma heat andpressure chamber therein, a nring unit supportedibysaiddisc; saidiiiring. unit including-means `for igniting said ,pyroteohnic' candle toproducer a ame therefrom, means forfiringV saidJ ring-f unit, a. pluralityl of sealed. pres sure relief means insaidfdiso in communication with the: heat andi pressurefchamber, saidlpressure relief means sbeingaadaptedto -be-unsealed; by the' heat and.r pressure generated: by,l saidE candle ignitingf means, and means? in saidt closure and* y si by the; ignition on said1pyrotechni candle: whereibyfazv porticmoftheidisezandithe. firing? meansisup`u poute'di thereby; are?, forcibly.' removed from. saidV housingto render ther device:eieetiveztoaemitlight therefrom..

32 A:lightemittingirdevicezadapteditoziloatupon thesnrfaceeof-,a .bgoidyyof Waterfanc comprising an elongatedzbuoyant body having: a bore extending therethrough; ai, pyrnteohnic' candle; arranged' Withnsaidgbore; ai honsingfseeuredf to.: saidL buoya-ntfbodu; .aidiso'for sealing; saidr liousing 'hermeti- Gally. tbifrormga.headand;pressurechamberctheree ima firing unitfsnpportedi by'said disc; means for: firing the:iing unit, aa time: delay'fuse:` arranged within said housing and adapted. to.' bered by saidiiiringoinii; saidtimedelay rf'usehaving means fonigniting said pyrotechniorcandlef in` predetermined". time. delayed relations. With;1espect'to the ringy of thefiiringrunit; fiexfiblefmeans4 enclosing said time dela-y: fuse whereby' a1. lashoutv of said; fusse during', the :burningithereoiis prevented irom prematurely/firing saidpyrotechnic candle; a pluralityof sealedrpressurerelief: means provided said, disc. in: communieationy with said: heat. andA pressure t chamber;A said: pressure relief means be; ingr adaptedI to; be unsealed': by.y the heat.- and pres-- sure genera-tedfbyfsaid time delayiuse, and'means in. saiddise' and:I adapted? to, be f rupturedv by` the pressuregeheim-ted= by the ignition of said pyrothefi-lring means supportedA thereby are forcibly removed from said4 housingg..

ILA lightv emitting; device: adaptedvv to be' launchedffroiniai surfaceecraftv andfcomprising an elongated buoyant-i member having abore :extendingtherethrough, means securedito said: buoyant member for causing therdeihieetooat'upont the surfaeeofa# body. of Waterfinian: uprightposit-ion, af pyrotechnic: candle.'v arranged. wit-hin saidV bore and including. ai nrs-ii refcomposit-ion, a` housing' to the: iring.V of said'iir-ing.V unit, ay plurality of seaied. pressure,` relief; means in said; diso'in. communication With'- the heat: and pressure cham-ber, said? pressure reliet means being. adapted toy be unsealed by the heaty and.- pressure. generated by saiditimesdelayfunit;,andsmeans in said-diss and adapted; to bei rupturedfbyf the;-pressuregenerated by the ignitionrofisaidi pyrotechnic lcandle Whereby,n azpor-tion of: the dise andithe :nr-ing. means sup-- ported. thereby are forcibly-- removed romsaid housing.;

5,-. A lightemitting deviceradapted tofloat; upon the. surface. of a, body oii Water and` comprising an, elongated buoy-anu body having. a bore eX- tending therethrough; a pyrotechnic candle including. a. rst. iirecomposition arrangedY within said bore, a housing secured. to; said buoyant bodyf., a .disc-for. sealing' saidfhousing hermetically tot form` a. heat.. and pressure chamber therein; a. ring unit supported.4 by saidJ disciY andhaving onez end'. ofa timev delay fuse arranged therein, aspo uohieniclosingf theother end of said fuse and securedithereto., saidpouch containinga quantity of. starter mixture therein, a combustible mois tureproof` container. enelosing4 said.- pouch, means adapted-.to berupturedby.thefpressurewgenerated, 75 enelosingf saidi time.- delayffuse for. preventingpremature ring of said pyrotechnic candle as the time delay fuse burns, said container being adapted to rest upon said first re composition, a plurality of sealed pressure relief means in said disc in communication with said heat and pressure chamber, said pressure relief means being adapted to be unsealed by the heat and pressure generated by said time delay fuse during burning thereof, and means in said disc and adapted to be ruptured by the pressure generated by the ignition of said pyrotechnic candle whereby a portion of the disc and the ring unit supported thereby are forcibly removed from said housing to render the device effective to emit light therefrom.

6. A light emitting device adapted to float upon the surface of a body of water and comprising an elongated buoyant body having a bore extending therethrough, a pyrotechnic candle arranged within said bore, a housing secured to said buoyant body, a closure for sealing said housing hermetically to form a heat and pressure chamber therein, firing means supported by said closure, a time delay fuse adapted to be ignited by said firing means, said time delay fuse including means for igniting said pyrotechnic candle, means enclosing said time delay fuse for preventing premature firing of said pyrotechnic candle, a plurality of sealed pressure relief means provided in said closure in communication with the heat and pressure chamber, said pressure relief means being adapted to be unsealed by said heat and pressure generated during the burning of said time delay fuse, and means in said closure and adapted to be ruptured by the heat and pressure generated by the ignition of said pyrotechnic candle whereby a portion of the closure and the firing means supported thereby are forcibly removed from said housing to render the device effective to emit light therefrom.

'7. A light emitting device adapted to iioat upon the surface of a body of water and comprising an elongated buoyant body having a bore extending therethrough, a pyrotechnic candle arranged within said bore, a housing secured to said buoyant body, a disc for sealing said housing hermetically to form a heat and pressure chamber therein, a firing unit supported by said disc, a time delay fuse adapted to be fired by said firing unit, said time delay fuse having means for igniting said pyrotechnic candle, a flexible tubular member enclosing said time delay fuse whereby a flashout during burning of said fuse is prevented from prematurely firing said pyrotechnic candle, a plurality of sealed relief ports in said disc in communication with said heat and pressure chamber, said relief ports being adapted to be unsealed by said heat and pressure generated by said time delay fuse during the burning thereof, and means in said disc and adapted to be ruptured by the pressure generated by the ignition of said pyrotechnic candle whereby a portion of the disc and the firing unit supported thereby are forcibly removed from said housing to render the device effective to emit light therefrom.

8. A light emitting device adapted to float upon the surface of a body of water and comprising an elongated buoyant body having a bore extending therethrough, a candle arranged within said bore, said candle comprising a plurality of cylindrical containers, a plurality of pyrotechnic charges respectively arranged within and substantially filling said containers, means independent of said bore for joining the containers in mutual axial alinement, a plurality of separators arranged Within the containers and between adjacent pyrotechnic charges whereby premature flring of the charges by friction between the charges is prevented as the containers are joined, a housing secured to said buoyant body, a closure for sealing said housing to form a heat and pressure chamber therein, firing means supported by said closure, means for firing said firing means, a time delay fuse operatively connected to said firing means, a plurality of sealed pressure relief means in said closure in communication with said heat and pressure chamber, said pressure relief means being adapted to be unsealed by the heat and pressure generated during the burning of said time delay fuse, and means in said closure and adapted to be ruptured by the pressure generated by the ignition of said candle whereby a portion of the closure and the firing means supported thereby are forcibly removed from said housing to render the device effective to emit light therefrom.

9. A light emitting device adapted to float upon the surface of a body of water and comprising an elongated buoyant body having a bore extending therethrough, a pyrotechnic candle having a first rire composition and arranged within said bore, a housing secured to said buoyant body, a closure for sealing said housing to form a heat and pressure chamber therein, firing means supported by said closure, a time delay fuse arranged within said housing and operatively connected at one end thereof to said firing means, a sack having a quantity of starter mixture therein and secured to the other end of said time delay fuse, a exible tubular sleeve enclosing said time delay fuse whereby sparks caused by a flashout of the fuse during burning thereof are prevented from prematurely firing said pyrotechnic candle, a combustible moistureproof container enclosing said sack and adapted to rest on said first re composition, a plurality of sealed pressure relief means in said closure, said relief means being adapted to be unsealed by said heat and pressure generated by said time delay fuse, and a weakened portion in said closure and adapted to be ruptured by the pressure generated by the ignition of said pyrotechnic candle whereby a portion of the closure and the firing means supported thereby are forcibly removed from said housing to render the device eifective to emit light therefrom.

10. A light emitting device adapted to iioat upon the surface of a body of water and comprising an elongated buoyant body having a bore extending therethrough, a pyrotechnic candle arranged within said bore, a housing secured to said buoyant body, a disc for sealing said housing hermetically to form a heat and pressure chamber therein, a combustible moistureproof container arranged within said pyrotechnic candle and having a quantity of starter mixture therein, ring means supported by said disc, said firing means including means for igniting said starter mixture to produce a hot residue therefrom, means for firing said ring means, means including said residue for causing the ignition of the pyrotechnic candle, a plurality of sealed pressure relief means in said disc, said pressure relief means being adapted to be unsealed by the heat and pressure generated by the burning of said starter mixture igniting means, and means in said disc and adapted to be ruptured by the pressure generated by the ignition of said pyrotechnic candle for causing a portion of the disc to be forcibly removed from said housing to render the device effective to emit light therefrom.

1l. A light ilare adapted to be launched from an aircraft and comprising an elongated buoyant member having a bore extending therethrough, means secured to said buoyant member for causing the flare to oat upon the surface of a body Of water in an upright position, a pyrotechnic candle arranged within said bore, a housing secured to the upper portion of said buoyant member in abutting relation with said bore, a disc for sealing said housing hermetically to form a heat and pressure chamber therein, firing means supported by said disc, said ring means including means for igniting said pyrotechnic candle, means for firing said firing means, a plurality of sealed pressure relief ports arranged in said disc in communication with the heat and pressure chamber, said pressure relief ports being adapted to be unsealed by said heat and pressure generated by said candle igniting means, and means included in said disc and adapted to be ruptured by the pressure generated by the ignition of said pyroteohnic candle whereby a portion of the disc and the firing means supported thereby are forcibly removed from said housing.

12. A pyrotechnic candle adapted for use in a buoyant light nare and comprising an upper container, a lower container and an intermediate container, a first pyrotechnic charge arranged within and substantially filling said upper container thereby to provide a recess Within the container, a second pyrotechnic charge arranged proof capsule arranged within said recess and in abutting engagement with respect to said first pyrotechnic charge, a ring device secured to said light are, means for actuating said ring device to a firing position, an elongated iiexible time delay element having one end thereof secured to said firing device and the other end arranged within said capsule, a primer arranged within said ring device and iired thereby as the firing device is actuated to said ring position for igniting said time delay element, a pouch disposed within the capsule and secured to said other end of said time delay element, a quantity of starter mixture enclosed within said pouch for igniting said first pyrotechnie charge in time delayed relation with respect to ignition of the time delay element by said primer, and a plurality of separators disposed between and in abutting engagement with said pyrotechnic charges respectively whereby premature firing of said charges by friction between the charges is prevented as the containers are joined.

References Cited in the file 0f this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 624,530 Pain May 9, 1899 809,029 Stanford et al Jan. 2, 1906 1,598,784 Rae et al. Sept. 7, 1926 1,894,203 Spring Jan. 10, 1933 2,035,185 Nichols Mar. 24, 1936 2,042,461 Gibson et al June 2, 1936 2,094,562 Lowy Sept. 8, 1937 2,119,697 Anderson June '7, 1938 2,263,585 Moore et al Nov. 25, 1941 2,328,916 Le Comte 1 Sept. 7, 1943 2,440,305 Skinner Apr. 27, 1948 

